The Hornby system differs from the conventional type of 12V controllers in as much that it is the individual locomotives that are controlled internally rather than the controlling of a locomotive's speed and direction by varying the current to the track. The Hornby Select and Hornby Elite digital units when connected to the track pass not only a constant 15V AC voltage along the rails but also information and control signals to all locomotives and accessories that are on or connected to the track. Each locomotive that is DCC controlled must have internally fitted a small micro processor based receiver called a Decoder.

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